Apa Itu 'Nuswantara'?
14:55Bagian dari kata Nuswantara, "Nuswa" dari bahasa Sansekerta berarti "sebuah tempat yang dapat ditinggali". Artinya bukan hanya pulau/kepulauan, tetapi termasuk di dalamnya lautan, dasar laut dan angkasa. Istilah ini sudah dipakai sejak jaman leluhur kita dahulu, dari peradaban sebelum penamaan Indonesia dipakai (abad ke-20).
Bahkan dalam beberapa periode awal, wilayah Nuswantara meliputi Salaka Nagara ("salaka" = seluruh alam raya; "nagara" = negara), yaitu pada masa pemerintahan Keraton Keling, Keraton Purwadumadi, Keraton Medang Gili, Keraton Medang Ghana, Keraton Medang Kamulyan, dsb (Jaman Besar Kali Swara; Jaman Sedang Kala Kukila s/d Kala Brawa).
Hal ini dipertegas dengan Sumpah Palapa yang diucapkan oleh Sang Rkyan Mahapatih I Hino Gajahmada yang berbunyi:
Sira Gajah Madapatih Amangkubhumi tan ayun amuktia palapa, sira Gajah Mada: "Lamun huwus kalah nuswantara isun amukti palapa, lamun kalah ring Gurun, ring Seran, Tañjung Pura, ring Haru, ring Pahang, Dompo, ring Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, samana isun amukti palapa".
Artinya:
Beliau Gajah Mada Patih Amangkubumi tidak ingin melepaskan puasa. Ia Gajah Mada, "Jika telah mengalahkan Nuswantara, saya (baru akan) melepaskan puasa. Jika mengalahkan Gurun, Seram, Tanjung Pura, Haru, Pahang, Dompo, Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, demikianlah saya (baru akan) melepaskan puasa".
Wilayah-wilayah yang disebutkan Sang Mahapatih menunjukkan luasnya wilayah kekuasaan Keraton Mojopoit (Majapahit), yang mencakup Gurun (planet Mars), Seran (Kahyangan Pasetran Gandalayu), Tanjung Pura (wilayah di Kalimantan), Haru (wilayah di Israel), Pahang (wilayah di Malaysia), Dompo (wilayah di Sumbawa), Bali, Sunda, Palembang, dan Tumasik (sekarang Singapura).
Jadi bukan hanya di sekitar Indonesia/Asia Tenggara, wilayah kekuasaan Nuswantara pun bisa mencakup antariksa hingga kahyangan sebagai tempat yang bisa ditinggali oleh bukan saja manusia tetapi juga dewata, leluhur, leluhur yang sudah moksa, jin, lelembut, drubiksa, hewan, dll. Jadi singkatnya Nuswantara memang mencakup seluruh jagad raya. Keren kan leluhur kita?
What is 'Nuswantara'?
Nusantara is a term used to describe the archipelago that spread from Sumatera to Papua, that are mostly the region of Republic of Indonesia. This word was noted for the first time in mid-Javanese literature (the 12th-16th century) to describe the state concept adopted by Majapahit. After being forgotten for some time, in the beginning of the 20th century the term was relived by Ki Hajar Dewantara as one of the alternative names for the independent progressor country of Dutch East Indies that was not formed by then. When the usage of "Indonesia" (means the Archipelago of Indies) was confirmed to be legally used, the word Nusantara is still being used as a synonim for Indonesian archipelago. This remains until now. As a result to the next political development, the term then used to describe the geographical-anthropological unity of archipelago between Asia and Australia continents, including the Malayan Peninsula but usually excluding Phillipines. In the final meaning, Nusantara becomes equivalent with Malay Archipelago, a very popular term by the end of the 19th century to early 20th century, especially in literature in English.
Part of the word Nuswantara, 'Nuswa' in Sanskrit means 'a habitable place'. It means not only island(s) but also including ocean(s), bottom of sea(s) and the sky. This term had been used since the time of our ancestors, from the civilizations before the name Indonesia was used in the 20th century.
Even in the first few periods, the region of Nuswantara consisted Salaka Nagara ('salaka' = the whole universe; 'nagara' = country), which was in the reign of Keling Kingdom, Purwadumadi Kingdom, Medang Gili Kingdom, Medang Ghana Kingdom, Medang Kamulyan Kingdom, etc (at the Big Time of Kali Swara; Mid Time of Kala Kukila to Kala Brawa).
This was confirmed with Vow of Palapa by The Rkyan Great Governor I Hino Gajahmada which read:
Sira Gajah Madapatih Amangkubhumi tan ayun amuktia palapa, sira Gajah Mada: "Lamun huwus kalah nusantara isun amukti palapa, lamun kalah ring Gurun, ring Seran, Tañjung Pura, ring Haru, ring Pahang, Dompo, ring Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, samana isun amukti palapa".
Which means:
He, Gajah Mada Governor of Amangkubumi, will not leave the fasting. He, Gajah Mada, "If I had defeated Nusantara, I will then leave my fasting. If I had defeated Gurun, Seram, Tanjung Pura, Haru, Pahang, Dompo, Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, I will then leave my fasting".
The areas mentioned by the Great Governor shown how vast the reign of Majapahit Kingdom was, which included Gurun (Planet Mars), Seran (Heaven of Pasetran Gandalayu), Tanjung Pura (an area in Kalimantan), Haru (an area in Israel), Pahang (an area in Malaysia), Dompo (an area in Sumbawa), Bali, Sunda, Palembang, and Tumasik (now Singapore).
So the reign of Nuswantara was not only around Indonesia/East Asia but could reach the galaxy and even heavens as the habitable place for not just human but also the deities, gods & goddesses, the ancestors, the mokshas, the genies, spirits, giants, animals, etc. So in short, Nuswantara really covers the whole universe. Isn't our ancestors the coolest?
Rahayu.
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